•Nakuru County has embraced artificial intelligence (AI) and automated technology to revolutionize the fight against tuberculosis (TB), improving early detection, diagnosis, and treatment while reducing community transmission of the disease.
The County TB, Leprosy, and Lung Disease Coordinator, Dr. Neimah Barasa, announced that the adoption of advanced diagnostic tools—such as a digital AI-enabled X-ray machine, GeneXpert machines, and TrueNat point-of-care nucleic acid amplification test equipment—has significantly enhanced TB diagnosis.
These innovations aim to improve the precision and efficiency of screening, allowing for timely intervention and treatment.
Addressing the Challenge of Undetected TB Cases
Dr. Neimah highlighted that up to 50% of TB patients do not exhibit the classical symptoms, making early diagnosis challenging.
The introduction of AI-powered digital chest X-rays (DCXR) and molecular testing methods enables healthcare providers to detect infections before symptoms manifest.
This proactive approach is crucial in preventing the spread of TB, especially in communities where traditional screening methods may miss cases.
“The only way to identify and diagnose TB patients early—especially those without symptoms—is through advanced technologies,” Dr. Neimah stated.
She spoke during a visit by a delegation of health professionals from Homa Bay County who were in Nakuru for a learning exchange program focused on strengthening TB care and service integration.
Expanding Diagnostic and Treatment Facilities
Nakuru County currently operates 637 health facilities, with 250 designated as TB treatment centers and 102 serving as diagnostic sites.
To enhance access to TB testing, the county has established eight TB sample referral sites equipped with cutting-edge technology. These include:
- One AI-powered digital X-ray machine
- Seven GeneXpert machines
- One TrueNat nucleic acid amplification test machine
In 2023, the Nakuru County Teaching and Referral Hospital (NCTRH) was among the first eight facilities in Kenya to introduce digital chest X-ray technology with AI.
This initiative aligns with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for improving TB diagnosis through innovative solutions.
Dr. Neimah expressed optimism that these tools would help identify the estimated 40% of TB cases that go undiagnosed, ultimately curbing the disease’s transmission.
The Role of TrueNat and GeneXpert in TB Diagnosis
Four years ago, WHO endorsed the TrueNat molecular test as a reliable tool for TB detection.
TrueNat, a battery-powered chip-based test, delivers results within an hour and can also detect resistance to rifampicin—an essential first-line TB drug—within an additional hour.
This rapid diagnosis ensures that patients with drug-resistant TB receive the appropriate treatment immediately.
GeneXpert machines have become the gold standard for TB testing, particularly for detecting drug-resistant TB (DR-TB).
Unlike traditional sputum smear microscopy or standard chest X-rays, GeneXpert provides a faster and more accurate diagnosis.
However, the technology requires a stable power supply and is expensive to operate.
A Shift from Traditional Diagnostic Methods
Dr. Neimah emphasized the shortcomings of conventional TB diagnostic techniques, such as outdated X-ray machines and delayed laboratory testing.
In the past, many TB cases were either missed or took days to diagnose, leading to delayed treatment and further transmission.
The AI-enabled digital X-ray machine at NCTRH, acquired with support from the National TB Programme, the African Medical Research Foundation (AMREF), and AI solutions provider Qure.ai, has revolutionized TB screening.
This technology allows for automated interpretation of radiology scans, including X-rays, CT scans, and ultrasounds, significantly expediting diagnosis and treatment.
A Model for Other Counties
Nakuru County’s success in integrating AI and molecular diagnostic tools into TB management is setting a precedent for other regions in Kenya.
By leveraging technology, the county is improving TB detection rates, enhancing treatment outcomes, and reducing the spread of the disease.
With these advancements, Nakuru is positioning itself as a leader in innovative TB control strategies, demonstrating how AI and automation can transform public health efforts in the fight against infectious diseases.
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