Background
Isiolo County, situated at the crossroads of central and northern Kenya, boasts a rich history, cultural diversity, and strategic significance.
Over the centuries, it has evolved from a key trade center into a regional hub, balancing economic development with environmental conservation.
This report provides an in-depth analysis of Isiolo’s historical journey, its vibrant ecosystem, and its political landscape.
Isiolo County: A Comprehensive Analysis of Its History, Diversity, and Development
Historical Background
Isiolo town, the county’s capital, has played a pivotal role in Kenya’s historical narrative. The town is also nicknamed ‘Texas‘, after the Texas state of the United States of America.
While explanations vary, most people agree that the town earned its moniker due to the vast number of livestock in the area especially cattle.
Cattle being the most preferred livestock in the Texas state, too, hence local Isiolo youth looking after cattle started calling themselves ‘Cowboys’ which led the name to stick.
See the video below for more context:
Originally inhabited by ethnic groups such as the Borana and Somali, the area served as a crucial stop for camel caravans trading between the coastal regions and the hinterlands.
During the colonial era, Isiolo gained strategic importance as a key transit point for British military and trade expeditions heading towards Ethiopia and northern Kenya.
The construction of the Isiolo-Moyale road further solidified its status as a trade and transportation hub, facilitating movement and commerce in the region.
Post-independence, Isiolo witnessed significant urbanization and infrastructural development.
Government institutions, administrative offices, and security installations were established, leading to an influx of diverse communities.
This transformation contributed to the town’s multicultural identity, making it one of the most ethnically diverse regions in Kenya today.
Geography and Ecosystem
Isiolo County covers approximately 25,336 square kilometers, with a population of 268,002 as of the 2019 census.
The county’s landscape is characterized by arid and semi-arid terrain, sustained by the Ewaso Nyiro River, which serves as a vital water source for both human and wildlife populations.
Isiolo County is home to several renowned national reserves that attract tourists and conservationists alike.
Shaba National Reserve spans approximately 239 square kilometers and is distinguished by its volcanic terrain, the Shaba Hill Volcano, and the Ewaso Nyiro River.
The reserve is home to the Samburu Special Five, which include Grevy’s zebra, reticulated giraffe, Beisa oryx, Somali ostrich, and gerenuk.
It is also famous for being the residence of conservationist Joy Adamson, the author of The Queen of Shaba.
Adjacent to Shaba is Buffalo Springs National Reserve, which offers a diverse array of wildlife and scenic landscapes, reinforcing conservation efforts in the region.
Bisanadi National Reserve functions as a dispersal area for wildlife, facilitating movement between reserves and enhancing biodiversity conservation.
Cultural Diversity
Isiolo County is a melting pot of cultures, comprising ethnic communities such as the Borana, Somali, Turkana, Samburu, Gabra, Sakuye, and Garre.
This diversity enriches the county’s traditions, social structures, and economic activities.
Isiolo’s unique cultural landscape is reflected in its annual festivals, traditional governance systems, and inter-community trade.
Leadership and Governance
Over the years, Isiolo County has had dedicated leadership figures who have shaped its political and developmental trajectory.
The county has had three governors since the inception of devolution. Godana Doyo served as the first Governor of Isiolo County from 2013 to 2017, laying the foundation for county governance and devolution.
Dr. Mohamed Abdi Kuti, a medical doctor turned politician, was elected as the second governor in 2017 after previously serving as Isiolo North MP for two terms and as the county’s first senator.
He retired from politics in 2022 due to health concerns. The current governor, Abdi Ibrahim Hassan (Guyo), was elected in 2022.
Before assuming office, he served as a Nairobi MCA and as the Majority Leader in the Nairobi County Assembly.
His election marked the first time an MCA ascended directly to the gubernatorial seat in Kenya’s history.
Isiolo County has also had three Women Representatives since 2013. Tiya Galgalo was the first Woman Representative, serving from 2013 to 2017.
She was succeeded by Rehema Jaldesa, also known as RDJ, who served from 2017 to 2022 before being unseated. Mumina Bonaya, elected in 2022, is the current Woman Representative.
The county’s parliamentary leadership includes Joseph Samal as the Isiolo North MP and Mohamed Tubi as the Isiolo South MP.
The county assembly has also had a series of speakers since 2013. Mohamed Tubi served as the Speaker from 2013 to 2017, followed by Hussein Halake Roba, who held the position from 2017 to 2022.
The current Speaker, Mohamed Roba Qoto, has been in office since 2022.
Economic and Infrastructure Development
Isiolo continues to experience growth, with ongoing infrastructure projects aimed at improving connectivity and economic activities.
The town is part of Kenya’s LAPSSET Corridor Project (Lamu Port-South Sudan-Ethiopia Transport Corridor), which aims to boost trade in the region.
Other key developments include the expansion of Isiolo International Airport, positioning the county as a regional trade and transport hub.
Road improvements are underway to facilitate the movement of goods and services within northern Kenya and neighboring countries.
Additionally, there has been increased investment in livestock markets, as pastoralism remains a significant economic activity in the region.
Challenges and Opportunities
Despite its progress, Isiolo County faces several challenges, including frequent disputes over water and pasture between pastoralist communities, increasing droughts and desertification that threaten livelihoods and food security, and occasional banditry and inter-ethnic clashes that pose security risks.
However, with proper governance, investment in infrastructure, and sustainable conservation efforts, Isiolo is well-positioned to become a leading economic and cultural hub in Kenya.
Looking Ahead…
Isiolo County’s history, cultural richness, ecological significance, and leadership progression highlight its strategic importance in Kenya.
As the county continues to develop, striking a balance between economic growth and environmental conservation will be key to ensuring a sustainable and prosperous future.
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